Various things that make women prone to miscarriage & bull; hello healthy

Miscarriage is certainly the most unwanted thing to happen during pregnancy. Many things can cause a miscarriage, from the condition of the fetus when it is first in the mother's womb, abnormalities in the mother's uterus, to the condition of the mother's health and lifestyle.

Miscarriage can happen suddenly, even though the mother is very careful about the pregnancy. In fact, miscarriage can occur when a woman is not aware that she is pregnant. About 10-20% of pregnancies can end in miscarriage. Generally, miscarriage occurs in the first trimester of pregnancy, which is 7-12 weeks after conception.

What can cause a miscarriage?

Many things can cause a miscarriage. If the miscarriage occurred during the first trimester (first 3 months of pregnancy), it is usually caused by a problem with the fetus. Meanwhile, if a miscarriage occurs in the second trimester, it usually occurs because of the mother's health condition.

Miscarriage in the first trimester

Miscarriage in the first trimester, usually caused by:

1. Chromosome problems in babies

50-70% of miscarriages that occur in the first trimester are caused by this. Often, the fertilized egg cell has an incorrect number of chromosomes, it can be deficient or excess, so that the fetus cannot develop normally and a miscarriage occurs.

2. Problems with the placenta

The placenta is an organ that connects the mother's blood flow to the baby, so that the baby gets nutrients for the growth and development of the fetus. Therefore, if there is a problem with the placenta, it can interfere with the growth and development of the baby, and can even lead to miscarriage.

Miscarriage in second trimester

Miscarriage in the second trimester, usually caused by:

1. Maternal health condition

Mothers who suffer from illnesses during pregnancy, such as diabetes, high blood pressure, lupus, kidney disease, and problems with the thyroid gland, have a higher risk of miscarriage. Mothers who have polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) are also associated with a higher risk of miscarriage, but it is unclear how this happens.

2. Infectious diseases

Like rubella, cytomegalovirus , bacterial vaginosis , HIV, chlamydia , gonorrhea, syphilis, and malaria, can also increase the risk of miscarriage in pregnant women. This infection can cause the amniotic sac to rupture prematurely or it can cause the cervix to open too quickly.

3. Food poisoning

Caused by eating food contaminated with bacteria or other microbes. For example, listeria bacteria which can be found in unpasteurized dairy products, toxoplasma parasites which can be obtained from eating raw or undercooked meat (usually lamb and pork), and salmonella bacteria which can be found in raw or undercooked eggs.

4. The structure of the uterus

Problems and abnormalities in the shape of the uterus can lead to miscarriage. In addition, the presence of fibroids (non-cancerous) growths in the uterus can also harm the developing fetus.

5. Weakening of the cervix

Cervical muscles that are too weak can cause the cervix to open too quickly, which can lead to miscarriage. This is also known as cervical incompetence.

What are the risk factors that increase the risk of miscarriage?

A woman's chances of having a miscarriage increase if:

1. The woman is old at pregnancy

Pregnancy in old age puts women at a higher risk of miscarriage. Women who were 40 years old when pregnant had twice the risk of having a miscarriage compared to women who became pregnant at age 20. The older the pregnancy, the higher the risk of having a miscarriage.

2. Obesity or underweight

Both being overweight and underweight can increase the risk of miscarriage. Research published by the International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology shows that women who are underweight (underweight) have a 72% chance of having a miscarriage during the first trimester of pregnancy compared to women of normal weight.

3. Smoking and drinking alcohol

Women who smoke (or ex-smokers) and drink alcohol during pregnancy are at increased risk of having a miscarriage compared to women who have never smoked or drank alcohol. Research has also shown that mothers and fathers who consumed a lot of alcohol around the time of conception can increase the risk of miscarriage during pregnancy.

4. Medicines

Be careful when taking drugs during pregnancy. It aims to treat, but the wrong medicine can actually make you miscarry. Some medications that can increase your risk of having a miscarriage include misoprostol and methotrexate (to treat rheumatoid arthritis), retinoids (to treat eczema and acne), and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), such as ibuprofen (to treat pain and acne). inflammation).

5. History of miscarriage

Women who have had 2 or more miscarriages in a row are more likely to have another miscarriage than women who have never had a miscarriage.

6. Vitamin levels

Research shows that low levels of vitamin D and vitamin B in the body can also increase the risk of miscarriage during pregnancy. Therefore, you should meet your nutritional needs while pregnant, take prenatal vitamins if necessary.