Immunization schedule for children aged 0

Since a new baby is born, he has received vaccinations or immunizations as a measure to prevent disease transmission. Based on data from the Indonesian Pediatrician Association (IDAI), immunization can prevent 2-3 million child deaths each year. So, giving immunizations to children is very important for their survival. As a guide, here are the immunization schedules for infants and children that should not be missed based on recommendations from the Indonesian Pediatrician Association (IDAI).

The immunization schedule for infants and children according to IDAI

According to the Indonesian Pediatric Association (IDAI) on its official website, vaccines are tools or products that produce immunity against certain diseases. To get maximum benefit, vaccination or immunization must be done regularly.

The Indonesian Pediatrician Association (IDAI) has an immunization schedule that has been updated since 2017. This schedule is to make it easier for parents and doctors to know the right timing of immunization according to the child's age.

The following table shows the schedule of immunization for children according to IDAI 2017

Based on IDAI recommendations, the following is a complete list of basic immunizations for infants aged 0-9 months:

• Newborn (less than 24 hours): hepatitis B immunization (HB-0)
• Infants aged 1 month: Polio 1 and BCG
• Infants aged 2 months: DPT-HB-HiB 1, polio 2, rotavirus
• Infants aged 3 months: DPT-HB-HiB 2, polio 3
• Infants 4 months: DPT-HB-HiB 3, Polio 4 (IPV or injectable polio), and rotavirus
• 9 months old baby: Measles or MR

Quoting from Sari Pediatri, this immunization schedule is made according to the availability of combination vaccines, such as DPT-HiB-HB (diphtheria, pertussis, influenza, hepatitis), DPTa-HB-HiB-IPV (diphtheria, pertussysis, tetanus, hepatitis, influenza, and polio).

For more details, here is the immunization schedule for infants and children according to their ages from 0-18 years.

Immunization schedule for infants aged 0-6 months

Immunizations scheduled for infants under six months of age are included in the mandatory immunization group for children. Some of the lists are:

Hepatitis B

When viewed from the infant immunization schedule table from IDAI, the first hepatitis B (HB) immunization is monovalent which is given 12 hours after the baby is born. However, babies need to be given vitamin K1 30 minutes before being given HB immunization.

Hepatitis B immunization for infants is carried out 4 times before the little one is 6 months old. This vaccine is given one month apart, that is, when the baby is born, babies aged 2, 3, 4 months. You can give HB immunization together with DPT.

Polio

Polio is a contagious disease that attacks the central nervous system in the brain. Polio can cause paralysis or a disease known as wilt paralysis. Polio vaccine can be given by mouth (Oral Poliovirus Vaccine or OPV) and injection (Inactive Poliovirus Vaccine or IPV)

Polio immunization in infants starts when he is born until the age of 1 month. The first time giving was OPV.

Then repeated every month at age 2,3 and 4 months and can be done simultaneously with DPT immunization which is part of the pentabio immunization.

Giving at months 2,3 and 4 can be given via OPV or IPV there is at least one IPV that is given simultaneously with OPV-3

BCG

BCG immunization serves to prevent tuberculosis or tuberculosis. This disease is very dangerous and attacks the respiratory tract, it can even spread to other parts of the body.

The BCG immunization schedule is only one time, when the baby is 3 months old, but it is more effective and optimal when given when the baby is 2 months old.

Diphtheria, pertussis, and tetanus (DPT)

This vaccination is carried out to prevent three diseases in one injection, namely diphtheria, pertussis (whooping cough), and tetanus. All three are very severe diseases and can cause child death.

DPT immunization schedule is first given to babies aged two months with intervals or breaks of one month so that the administration is given when the baby is 2, 3, 4 months old.

WHO develops combination immunization namely pentavalent and pentabio. Pentavalent immunization is a combination of DPT, HiB, (haemophilus influenza type B), and hepatitis B (HB) immunization.

Meanwhile, the immunization called pentabio, a combination of DPT, Hepatitis (HB) and polio immunization.

Influenza

Influenza immunization can be started when the baby is 6 months old and can be given at any time, no need to be on schedule. Influenza immunization should be repeated once a year.

Influenza immunization is not included in the compulsory immunization group but still needs to be given to reduce the severity of a child when experiencing flu.

Immunization schedule for infants aged 6-12 months

At the age of 6 months, a series of immunizations to prevent disease in children is still ongoing. Here's the list.

Pneumococcus (PCV)

This is a vaccine to prevent diseases caused by bacterial infection Streptococcus pneumoniae or pneumococcal germs. There are also diseases caused by these bacteria, namely inflammation of the lungs (pneumonia), inflammation of the lining of the brain (meningitis), and blood infection (bacteremia).

The PCV immunization schedule starts from the baby's age of 2 months and is given 3 times with intervals of 4-8 weeks (baby ages 2, 4, 6 months).

Unlike other immunizations that cause mild side effects such as fever, PCV immunization does not cause side effects in infants.

Ideally, immunize your little one when the baby is in good health and is not having a minor illness (cough, runny nose, or fever).

Rotavirus

Rotavirus immunization is given to prevent inflammatory diseases in the digestive tract. Rotavirus infection causes diarrhea in infants and children and can appear after two days of exposure to the virus.

Diarrhea caused by rotavirus infection can dehydrate the body due to lack of fluids. There are two types of rotavirus immunization with different delivery schedules for each baby's age.

First, monovalent rotavirus immunization is given 2 times, first when the baby is 6-14 weeks old and the second is given at intervals or at least 4 weeks' interval. The deadline for rotavirus immunization is infants at the age of 24 weeks or 6 months.

Meanwhile, the second type of rotavirus is pentavalent which is given 3 times. The first is when the baby is 6-14 weeks old, while the second and third doses are given with a interval of 4-10 weeks. Rotavirus immunization limit when the baby is 32 weeks or 8 months of age.

Measles

This is an immunization to prevent children from getting measles (measles) which attacks the respiratory tract. The schedule for measles immunization in infants is given twice when the babies are 9 months and 18 months.

However, children who have received MMR immunization at the age of 15 months, no longer need to get it at the age of 18 months.

Agenda for immunizing infants aged 12-24 months

Your child is one year old? The immunizations your little one gets are not as intense and as many as before, but there are several immunizations that shouldn't be missed to prevent children from getting sick. Here's the list and schedule.

Measles, Mumps and rubella (MMR)

If the baby has received measles immunization at the age of 9 months according to schedule, the measles, mumps and rubella (MMR) vaccine is given when the baby is 15 months old or at least 6 months apart. At 18 months of age there is no need for the MR vaccine

Meanwhile, if a baby at 12 months of age has not received measles immunization, he or she can be given MR or MMR immunization and repeated (booster) when the child is 5 years old.

Measles and rubella are respiratory infections caused by the virus of the same name. The side effects of MR immunization are not as severe as if the child is not given the vaccine.

Varicella

Chickenpox can be prevented by varicella immunization which is given according to schedule, which is once after a child is 1 year old. However, varicella immunization is more optimal if your little one gets it before entering elementary school.

Varicella immunization is also given to adults who have never had smallpox before. Varicella immunization can only reduce the severity of the symptoms of chickenpox.

The reason is, if your little one doesn't get immunized at all, the risk of getting chickenpox complications will be higher.

Japanese encephalitis (JE)

It is a mosquito-borne viral infectious disease. This disease was originally discovered in Japan in 1871 with a designation summer encephalitis . Symptoms are nonspecific and flu-like and usually appear 4-14 days after a mosquito bite.

Quoting from the Indonesian Pediatrician Association (IDAI) Japanese encephalitis (JE) can cause death. Each year, JE cases reach 67 thousand cases with a mortality rate of 20-30 percent.

Not only that, 30-50 percent of cases cause neurological symptoms. Both of these conditions are often experienced by children aged less than 10 years. Therefore, it is very important to give JE immunization to infants and children according to schedule.

Immunization schedule japanese encephalitis (JE) which starts when the child starts at 12 months of age and is repeated or booster The next 1-2 years.

Immunization Japanese encephalitis (JE) is usually given to endemic areas or tourists who will travel to the area. There are also countries, namely Japan, China, Taiwan, Korea and Thailand.

The JE immunization program in that country is effective in preventing and reducing the number of people with this disease.

Hepatitis A

Hepatitis A immunization is given to prevent infection with the virus of the same name, through the patient's food and feces. Hepatitis A can attack children easily so it is necessary to be immunized when the child is 2 years old.

Hepatitis A immunization is given twice at intervals or intervals of 6-12 months after the first injection. Meanwhile for adults, hepatitis A immunization is repeated every 10 years. This immunization resistance will work 15 days after injection and last for 20-50 years.

Booster immunization series

When your child is 12 months old, for one year until he / she is 24 months (2 years) will get repeat immunization or booster . This is to increase the effectiveness and performance of the immunizations that have been given previously.

PCV immunization schedule booster given when the child is 12-15 months old. Meanwhile, HiB immunization booster acquired by children when they were 15-18 months. At 18 months of age, your child will get DPT and polio immunizations booster .

Agenda for immunization of children aged 2-18 years

When the child is two years old, immunization is still carried out. Some are repetitive or booster there is also something new that can be given at that age. The following is the schedule and list of immunizations given to adolescents.

Typhoid

This immunization works to prevent bacterial infection salmonella typhii which is the cause of typhus. When do children get typhoid vaccines? Typhoid immunization schedule is given when the child is 2 years old and needs to be repeated every three years.

The thing to note is that typhoid immunization can protect children from typhus only 50-80 percent. This is what makes parents still need to choose healthy foods for their children to avoid typhus.

Human papilloma virus (HPV)

The HPV virus can infect both men and women on cells in the skin and mucous membranes (one of the most common in the genital area).

In the genital area, cancer can occur in the cervix, vulva, vagina, and penis. Meanwhile, for non-genital areas, cancer can occur in the mouth and upper respiratory tract.

When is the time for HPV immunization in children? Schedule of HPV immunization for adolescents aged 10-13 years, giving it twice with intervals or intervals of 6-12 months.

HPV immunization is not given to someone who is sexually active, it is too late if it is given afterwards because he could have been infected with HPV.

IDAI explains on its official website that giving HPV immunization to adolescents aged 10-13 years has been shown to produce antibodies to fight this infection.

HPV immunization is not yet available at the Puskesmas because it is not yet included in the national immunization program. However, in some cities, HPV immunization has been given at school to girls in grades 5-6 for free.

Dengue

Dengue immunization to prevent diseases transmitted through mosquito bites aedes aegypti. Viral infection dengue can attack children and adults. Dengue immunization serves to prevent dengue fever.

According to IDAI, the schedule for dengue immunization is given to children aged 9-16 years, if given at a younger age, it actually increases the risk of infection. dengue .

How to read the child immunization agenda table

The schedule shows several colors to distinguish the timing of immunization from newborns to adolescents.

• Column in green: this indicates the optimal immunization time, given according to the recommended age
• Yellow column: Chase immunization (catch up) given outside the recommended time
• Column in blue: booster immunization (booster) or immunizations that need to be repeated
• Column in pink: recommended immunizations for endemic areas

To read the age column, for babies under two years count in months. Meanwhile, children over two years count in years.

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