Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody & bull; hello healthy

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Definition

What is an antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody?

Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody (ANCA) is used to diagnose vasculitis diseases. Cytoplasmic Antineutrophil Antibodies are antibodies that fight cytoplasmic polymorphonuclear leukocytes.

Wegener's granulomatosis (WG) is a disease that causes injury to the small artery system in the body, lungs, and upper respiratory tract (nose-throat) due to inflammation. Previously, the diagnosis was made by biopsy of the injured tissue. Currently, serological diagnosis has an important role in the diagnosis of WG and other systematic vasculitis diseases.

When should I take antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies?

An Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody test will be performed if your doctor suspects that you have symptoms of autoimmune vasculitis. This test can also support the diagnosis of systematic vasculitis diseases such as Wegener's granulomatosis (WG). In addition, the Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody test can be used to monitor disease progression, treatment and early detection of risk of relapse.

In the early stages of the disease, symptoms are vague and non-specific, such as fever, fatigue, weight loss, muscle and joint pain, and night sweats. As the disease progresses, injury to blood vessels in the body can cause symptoms of complications in several tissues and organs.

• eyes - red, itchy or "pink eyes" (uveitis eye) visual disturbances (blurred vision, loss of vision)
• ear - hearing loss
• nose - runny nose or other symptoms of the upper respiratory tract (stuffy nose, sneezing)
• skin - rash or granulomas
• lungs - coughing and / or difficulty breathing
• kidneys - protein in the urine (proteinuria).

The Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody test can be done in conjunction with other tests such as the anti-yeast Saccharomyces cerevisae antibody, in patients who have symptoms of appendicitis, as well as for doctors to differentiate between ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease.

Symptoms of enteritis include:

• abdominal pain and cramps
• diarrhea
• bleeding in the rectum
• fever
• fatigue
• some patients have symptoms in muscles, skin and bones
• physical and mental disabilities in children.

Precautions & warnings

What should I know before taking antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies?

PR3 autoantibodies (ANCA-proteinase 3) are highly specific for diagnosing Wegener's granulomatosis (specificity 95% - 99%). 65% of patients positive for PR3 in granulomatous disease occurring only in respiration. Nearly all patients with renal WG do not have a positive PR3 result. If WG is inactive, the percentage of positive PR3 drops by about 30%.

MPO autoantibody (myeloperoxidase-ANCA) is present in 50% of patients with renal WG. MPO can be found in patients with glomerulonephritis that is not caused by WG, such as micro-circuit swelling.

The P-ANCA antibody (ANCA membrane), combined with the glycan antibody, can be used to differentiate between types of enteritis. 50% - 70% of patients with ulcerative colitis have P-ANCA antibodies, but these antibodies are only found in 20% of people with Crohn's disease.

In most cases, a blood vessel damage biopsy is required for the diagnosis of autoimmune vasculitis.

Symptoms of autoimmune vasculitis and enteritis are found in many other conditions, so other tests can be used to rule out other causes.

It is important that you understand the above warnings before running this test. If you have any questions, consult your doctor for further information and instructions.

Process

What should I do before taking antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies?

Things that need to be considered before undergoing the test:

• pay attention to the doctor's explanation of the test process
• fasting before the test is not required

How is the antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody processed?

The doctor will take a blood sample and store it in a test tube that has been determined.

In general, the ANCA test is performed using an indirect immunofluorescence microscope. The serum sample will be mixed with polymorphonuclear leukocytes, where autoantibodies will react with white blood cells. Then, the sample will be smeared on a microscope glass and fluorescent dye. The microscope glass is observed using a microscope and the observations are recorded.

What should I do after taking antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody?

After the blood draw, it is recommended that you wrap it with a bandage and apply light pressure to your vein to stop the bleeding.

If you have any questions about this test process, please consult with your doctor to understand more.

Explanation of the Test Results

What do my test results mean?

Normal result: negative.

Abnormal results: level increase:

• Wegener's disease granulomatosis
• swelling of micro circuits
• glomerolunephritis develops rapidly for no known reason
• ulcerative Colitis
• primary biliary cirrhosis inflammation
• Churg-Strauss vasculitis
• Crohn's disease

Consult your doctor if you have questions about test results.