Common types of fractures or fractures

Fracture classification

What is the classification of a fracture or fracture?

Basically, human bones as part of the movement system are rigid and strong tissues, with one of the functions of supporting the body. However, if it is under pressure from outside that exceeds its strength, bones can break. This condition is then called a fracture or fracture.

This external pressure generally occurs when you have a fall, accident, or other form of injury. However, the cause of the fracture can also be certain medical conditions that weaken the bones, such as osteoporosis.

The severity of the fracture you have depends on how much pressure the bone is applying to it. Due to these differences in strength, the types or types of fractures can vary, which are then classified based on the nature and shape or pattern of the fracture.

Apart from the nature and shape of the fracture, fractures are also divided into several types based on the location of the affected bone. Each location and type will receive a different fracture treatment. Therefore, it is important for you and your doctor to know the types of fractures or fractures that you have suffered to determine the next steps for treatment.

Types of fracture based on the nature of the fracture

What are the types or fractures based on the nature of the fracture?

Based on the nature of the fracture, fractures can be divided into several types. The following types of fractures are based on the nature of the fractures that generally occur:

• Open fracture

An open fracture is a case of a fracture accompanied by an injury to the skin on the surface of the broken bone area. In more serious cases, the broken bone will be visible from the outside.

This type of open fracture is extremely rare. When this occurs, this condition requires first aid or emergency care, because the open wound allows germs to enter so that infection can occur. This condition also allows a person to experience bleeding.

• Closed fracture

As opposed to an open fracture, a closed fracture does not cause injury to the skin around the fracture site. Even in a closed fracture, the skin is not torn due to the fracture. Therefore, this type of closed fracture is generally no easier to identify than an open fracture.

• Partial fracture

Partial fracture is also called an incomplete fracture. This is a condition when the bone is broken completely or only partially.

• Total fracture

As opposed to partial, total fracture is also called a complete fracture. This type of fracture occurs when a broken bone occurs completely, causing the bone to separate or split into two or more pieces.

• Displaced fracture

• Spiral fracture

Spiral fractures are also part of a complete or total fracture type. This type of fracture occurs when a broken bone has twisted or rotated from its point.

• Comminuted fracture

The comminuted fracture type is also part of a complete or total fracture. In comminuted fractures, the bone breaks into three or more pieces and is no longer parallel. Generally, these fractures occur in small areas of bone that are prone to fractures, such as in an arm or leg, as a result of a car accident or other serious incident.

• Linear or longitudinal fracture

The fracture forms parallel to the length of the bone, either along or nearly the length of the bone. This type is also a type of complete or complete fracture.

• Greenstick fracture

Greenstick fractures are classified as partial or incomplete fractures. This condition occurs when a bone is broken or fractured on only one side, while the other side is not so the bone can bend or bend.

Reporting from the Peconic Bay Medical Center, this type of greenstick fracture most often occurs in children because the bones are not yet fully developed. Thus, children's bones are softer than adults and may not break under intense pressure.

• Torus or buckle fracture

Fracture bruckle or torus is also classified as a type of partial or incomplete fracture and generally occurs in children due to falls. This condition occurs when a broken bone occurs on only one side, but the fracture does not come off. The ends of the fractures push or press against each other so that the fracture or fracture appears to stick out.

• Stress fracture or hairline fracture

Stress fracture or also known as hairline (hairline) is generally experienced by athletes or someone who makes repetitive movements that are constantly pressing on the bones. Usually, this type of fracture occurs in the leg or leg. As the name implies, this type of stress fracture is shaped like a hairline or there are only small cracks in the bone.

• Compression fracture

Compression fracture is a type of fracture that often occurs in the spine and generally occurs in elderly people with osteoporosis. This type of compression fracture occurs when bone is crushed or crushed under pressure, but still appears flat.

• Segmental fracture

A segmental fracture occurs when the same bone is broken in two places. This condition causes a part of the bone to appear floating.

• Avulsion fracture

This type of avulsion fracture occurs when a fragment of bone, i.e. a tendon or ligament, detaches from the bone. The detached bone fragment usually pulls or takes part of the bone. This avulsion fracture is generally caused by a strong pulling force on the bone and usually occurs in the knee and shoulder joints.

• Pathological fracture

Unlike the types of fractures above, pathological fractures generally occur due to medical conditions or certain diseases that weaken the bones, such as osteoporosis. A person with osteoporosis has bones that are brittle and weak, so they break more easily than healthy bones.

The types of fractures are based on the location of the bones

What are the types of fractures based on the location of the fractured bone?

Not only the nature and shape of the fracture, the treatment for fracture is also determined based on the location of the fractured or fractured bone. The following is a classification or types of fractures based on the location of the bones that generally occur:

• Broken collarbone or shoulder

The collarbone or shoulder is a type of fracture that often occurs, especially in children or adolescents. A collarbone fracture generally occurs due to a car accident or an injury during sports. In older adults, this type of fracture often occurs from a fall.

• Wrist fracture

Wrist fractures commonly occur in children and the elderly. This condition usually occurs when you fall and your hand is stretched out to support your body.

• Broken arm

Hand fractures can occur in the wrist, as well as in the upper arm (humerus fracture) and forearm (radius and ulna fracture). Generally, these types of fractures occur due to motorbike or car accidents, both in children and adults.

• Leg fracture

Fractures in the leg area are also common, including in the ankle (ankle) and leg. These leg fractures generally occur due to car accidents, falls, or other forms of injury to the foot.

• Fracture of the spine

A spinal fracture is the most common type of fracture in the elderly, mainly due to osteoporosis. However, this type of fracture is also common in anyone because of an accident.

• Hip / hip fracture

Just like in the spine, hip or hip fracture is also one type of fracture that often occurs in the elderly. This condition usually occurs due to a fall or hard impact to the hip or pelvis area.

• Broken rib

Although not more common than the above fractures, rib fractures also often occur as a result of trauma to the chest area, such as falls, accidents, or collisions during sports. In severe cases, broken ribs can damage major blood vessels or organs in the chest area, such as the lungs.

In addition to the types of fractures that often occur above, there are other types of fractures that may occur, such as fractures in the neck or in the skull or head area.

Each type of fracture requires different treatment, either with a cast or a pen surgery. Always consult with your doctor about the type of treatment that is best, according to your condition.