Pyrazinamide: functions, dosage, side effects, how to use

What Drug Pyrazinamide?

What is Pyrazinamide for?

Pyrazinamide is a drug used with other drugs to treat tuberculosis (TB). This drug is an antibiotic and works by stopping the growth of bacteria.

This antibiotic drug treats only bacterial infections. This medicine will not work for viral infections (such as the common cold, cold). Unnecessary use or misuse of any antibiotic can cause its effectiveness to decrease.

Pyrazinamide dosage and pyrazinamide side effects are described further below.

How is Pyrazinamide used?

Take this medication with or without food, usually once daily or twice a week, or as directed by your doctor. Dosage is based on age, body weight, medical condition, and response to treatment.

Antibiotics work best when the amount of medicine in your body is at a constant level. Therefore, use this drug regularly. If you are taking this medication every day, use it at the same time every day. If you are using this medication on a weekly schedule, use it on the same day of the week and at the same time every day. Mark the days of medication use on your calendar.

Continue to use this drug (and other TB drugs) until the prescribed amount is finished, even if symptoms have cleared up. Stopping treatment too early or skipping doses allows bacteria to continue to grow, which can result in the infection returning and making the infection harder to treat (resistant to).

Tell your doctor if your condition does not improve or gets worse.

Follow the rules given by your doctor or pharmacist before starting treatment. If you have any questions, consult your doctor or pharmacist.

How is Pyrazinamide stored?

This medication is best stored at room temperature, away from direct light and damp places. Don't keep it in the bathroom. Don't freeze it. Other brands of this drug may have different storage rules. Observe the storage instructions on the product package or ask your pharmacist. Keep all medicines away from children and pets.

Do not flush medicines down the toilet or down the drain unless instructed to do so. Discard this product when it has expired or when it is no longer needed. Consult your pharmacist or local waste disposal company about how to safely dispose of your product.

Pyrazinamide Usage Rules

The information provided is not a substitute for medical advice. ALWAYS consult your doctor or pharmacist before starting treatment.

What is the Pyrazinamide dosage for adults?

Usual Adult Dose for Tuberculosis - Active

15 to 30 mg / kg (up to 2 g) orally once a day in combination with three other anti-tuberculosis drugs for the initial 2 months of 6 months or 9 months of treatment time, until drug efficacy tests are known. Use of alternative doses of 50 to 75 mg / kg (up to 3 g) orally twice a week can be used after 2 weeks of daily therapy to increase patient requirements.

Alternatively, the CDC, The American Thoracic Society, and Infectious Diseases Society of America recommend the following dosages based on estimated lean body weight:

Daily dosage:

40 to 45 kg: 1000 mg

56-75 kg: 1500 mg

76-90 kg: 2000 mg

Dosage 2 times every week:

40-55 kg: 2000 mg

56-75 kg: 3000 mg

76-90 kg: 4000 mg

Dosage 3 times each week:

40-55 kg: 1500 mg

56-75 kg: 2500 mg

76-90 kg: 3000 mg

Usual Adult Dose for Tuberculosis - Latent

Consult a public health professional before use in combination with rifampin.

15 to 20 mg / kg, based on actual body weight, orally once daily (maximum 2 g) for 2 months. Alternatively, a dose of 50 mg / kg can be given orally twice a week (maximum 4 g).

What is the Pyrazinamide dosage for children?

Usual Children's Dose for Tuberculosis - Active

Tuberculosis:

(Used as part of the use of some drugs. Methods of treatment consist of an initial 2 month phase, followed by a continuation phase starting from an additional 4 or 7 months. The frequency of doses may differ depending on the phase of therapy)

Infants, children less than 40 kg and Adolescents 14 years and less than 40 kg:

Non-HIV patients:

Daily therapy: 15 to 30 mg / kg / dose (maximum: 2 g / dose) once daily

Direct controlled therapy (DOT): 50 mg / kg / dose (maximum: 2 g / dose) twice weekly

Have HIV / infected patient:

Daily therapy: 20 to 40 mg / kg / once daily dose (maximum: 2 g / day)

In what dosage is Pyrazinamide available?

500 mg tablet

Pyrazinamide dosage

What side effects can be experienced due to Pyrazinamide?

Stop using Pyrazinamide and call your doctor if you have any of the following serious side effects:

• Allergic reactions (difficulty breathing; blockage of the throat, swelling of the lips, tongue, or face, or hives);
• Fever;
• Unusual weakness or fatigue;
• Nausea, vomiting, or loss of appetite;
• Yellow skin or eyes;
• Dark urine;
• Difficulty or painful urination;
• Painful or swollen joints;
• Severe gout; or
• Rash

Not everyone experiences the following side effects. There may be some side effects not listed above. If you have concerns about certain side effects, consult your doctor or pharmacist.

Pyrazinamide side effects

What should be known before using Pyrazinamide?

In deciding to use a drug, the risks of taking the drug must be considered. It is up to you and your doctor. For this drug, the following should be considered:

Allergy

Tell your doctor if you have ever had any unusual or allergic reactions to this medicine or any other medicines. Also tell your health care professional if you have any other types of allergies, such as to foods, dyes, preservatives, or animals. For non-prescription products, read labels or ingredients carefully.

Children

Pyrazinamide has been used in children in effective doses, and it has not been reported to cause different side effects or problems in children than it does in adults.

Elderly

Many drugs have not been studied specifically in older people. Therefore, it may not be known whether they work in the same way in young adults. Although there is no specific information comparing pyrazinamide in the elderly with use in other age groups, it is not expected to cause any different side effects or problems in older people than in young adults.

Is Pyrazinamide safe for pregnant and lactating women?

There are no adequate studies regarding the risks of using this drug in pregnant or breastfeeding women. Always consult your doctor to weigh the potential benefits and risks before using this medication. This drug is included in the risk of pregnancy category C according to the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA).

The following references the pregnancy risk categories according to the FDA:

• A = Not at risk
• B = No risk in several studies
• C = May be risky
• D = There is positive evidence of risk
• X = Contraindicated
• N = Unknown

Studies in women show that this drug poses minimal risk to the baby when used during breastfeeding.

Pyrazinamide Drug Warnings and Cautions

What medicines may interact with Pyrazinamide?

Drug interactions can change the performance of your medications or increase the risk of serious side effects. Not all possible drug interactions are listed in this document. Keep a list of all the products you use (including prescription / non-prescription drugs and herbal products) and consult your doctor or pharmacist. Do not start, stop, or change the dose of any medication without your doctor's approval.

Using this medication with any of the following medicines is not usually recommended, but may be necessary in some cases. If the two drugs are prescribed together, your doctor may change the dose or how often you use one or both drugs.

• Cyclosporine
• Ethionamid
• Rifampin
• Zidovudine

Can food or alcohol interact with Pyrazinamide?

Certain drugs should not be used with meals or when eating certain foods because drug interactions can occur. Consuming alcohol or tobacco with certain drugs can also cause interactions to occur. Discuss your use of drugs with food, alcohol, or tobacco with your health care provider.

What health conditions may interact with Pyrazinamide?

The presence of other health problems in your body may affect the use of this drug. Tell your doctor if you have other health problems.:

• Gout (history) –Pyrazinamide can worsen or cause gout attacks in patients with a history of gout
• Liver disease (severe) - Patients with severe liver disease taking pyrazinamide may have increased side effects

Pyrazinamide Drug Interactions

What should I do in an emergency or overdose?

In case of an emergency or overdose, contact the local emergency services provider (112) or immediately to the nearest hospital emergency department.

What should I do if I miss a dose?

If you forget a dose of this medicine, take it as soon as possible. However, when it is nearing the time of the next dose, skip the missed dose and return to the usual dosing schedule. Don't double the dose.