7 The most common development disorders in children

The growth and development of children under five is different. However, some problems or abnormal changes can cause growth and development problems in children, even in the long term. As parents, it is important to be aware of the various types of child development disorders.

Various types of growth and development disorders in children

There are several types of developmental disorders that occur in children. It is important for parents to know the most common child development disorders, and their types.

1. Autism spectrum disorders

Quoting from the Mayo Clinic, the condition of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a brain disorder that affects children's communication and social interaction skills.

Symptoms of autism spectrum disorders usually appear early in the child's development. Those with ASD seem like they are living in a world of their own. They are unable to develop emotional relationships with other people around them.

There are several types of developmental disorders for children with autism, namely:

Communication and language

Children with autism have a weak ability to express themselves in conversation. Their speech may be repetitive or have weak verbal communication skills and the child's stages of language development.

They are unable to organize phrases and sentences or their pronunciation may be unfamiliar. And they can go on talking and refuse to listen when conversing with other people.

Social interaction

Children with autism spectrum disorders have weak nonverbal communication skills and their little ones are usually late talking. This nonverbal communication includes gestures, body language, facial expressions, and eye contact.

Therefore, they find it difficult to share their thoughts and feelings with others.

Children's social abilities also have an effect, they tend to have difficulty making friends, usually because they are unable to understand the feelings and needs of others.

Behavior

Children with autism tend to make repetitive movements such as spinning around, swinging their bodies, or banging their heads.

They kept moving as if they couldn't stay still. Other behavioral disorders include not being able to cope with change and only eating certain types of food.

five senses

The five senses of a person with autism are usually sensitive. They may not be able to see bright lights, too much noise, harsh touch, strong odors, or the taste of food that is too strong.

Heredity with autism in the family, brain problems, the sex of the child, or the age of the parents when the child is born can trigger the emergence of autism.

Unfortunately, autism is a lifelong disorder. However, if detected as soon as possible, you can help your child adjust to a more independent and quality life.

2. Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)

Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common and chronic developmental disorders in children.

Having ADHD means the brain isn't working the way it should. This disorder usually appears during childhood and persists into adulthood.

ADHD symptoms in children usually start before the age of 12. In some children, symptoms can appear as early as three years of age. The symptoms of this disorder in children can range from mild to severe and can differ between boys and girls.

Children with ADHD may exhibit the following signs, citing the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).

• Too much talking
• It is difficult to organize activities
• It's hard to stay focused
• Forgetting to do certain things
  
• Can't wait for his turn.
• Daydream frequently
• Often loses things
• Running at the wrong time
• Prefers to be alone
• Difficult to tell or follow directions from others
• It's hard to play quietly

Brain injury, heredity, light birth weight, alcohol use and smoking during pregnancy, premature birth, and exposure to pollutants or harmful substances during pregnancy can trigger ADHD in children.

Although it can't cure ADHD, medication can relieve the symptoms.

3. Anxiety disorders

Anxiety disorders cause children to have an excessive fear of unusual things. The child may also always feel anxious and depressed in normal situations.

Children with growth and development disorders in terms of anxiety, can experience intense fear, which suddenly appears without warning.

An example of a disorder in children is obsessive-compulsive disorder in which people continue to experience obsessive thoughts and behaviors and they can't stop.

4. Bipolar

Bipolar disorder, or mania-depressive disorder, is a brain disorder that causes changes mood and unnatural shifts in energy and activity levels.

There are four types of bipolar disorder in child development, including bipolar I disorder, bipolar II disorder, cycloptic disorder (cyclothymia), and other bipolar disorders that are either specifically related or not.

People with bipolar disorder have episodes mood : changes in activity levels, energy, and sleep patterns and unusual behavior.

Children who have a manic episode can feel very “high,” have a lot of energy, and they can be more active than usual.

Children who have a depressive episode may feel very depressed, have little or no energy, and they can become inactive.

Children who have a combination of these two traits experience both symptoms, both a manic episode and a depressive episode.

Brain structure, genetic disorders, and family medical history can increase the risk of disorders in this one child. Bipolar disorder is incurable and can continue to be present in a child's development.

However, certain medications can help relieve symptoms and help the child control the changes mood better.

5. Central auditory processing disorder (CAPD)

Source: Mom Junction

Central auditory processing disorder (CAPD) also known as auditory process disorder (CAPD) is a hearing problem that occurs when the brain is not functioning properly.

CAPD can affect people of all ages, but it usually starts in childhood and includes developmental disorders in your little one.

Launching from the NHS, children with CAPD show clear problems from an early age. They can have difficulty responding to sounds, enjoying music, understanding conversations, remembering instructions, concentrating, and reading and spelling.

CAPD can occur after prolonged hearing problems, or damage to the brain such as a head injury, brain tumor, or stroke. CAPD can also run in families.

Although there is no cure for CAPD, children can feel better over time as they learn to cope with the condition.

6. Cerebral palsy

Cerebral palsy is a condition in which children have difficulty in motoric development of children to move and maintain balance and posture.

Symptoms of a child's developmental disorders in terms of cerebral palsy usually appears during kindergarten or toddler years. Children can experience:

• Lack of muscle coordination
• Muscle rigidity
• Slow motion
• It's hard to walk
• Delayed speech development and difficulty speaking
• Seizures
• It's hard to eat

They can also have difficulty swallowing and grasping objects such as spoons or crayons. In some cases they can have oral disease, mental health conditions, and have difficulty hearing or seeing.

Distraction This serious development of children can be caused by abnormal brain development or damage to the brain while it is still developing.

Suffered children cerebral palsy require long term care. Medicines and therapies are used to help improve their functional abilities, relieve pain and prevent complications.

7. Conduct disorder

Quoted from Medline Plus, conduct disorder is a behavioral and emotional disorder that occurs in children and adolescents. In fact, emotional disturbances are common in children and adolescents and do not interfere with growth and development.

However, this disorder in children can be considered as conduct disorder if it lasts for a long time and interferes with the daily life of the child and his family.

Symptoms conduct disorder may vary, including:

• Aggressive behavior towards animals or other people such as fighting, bullying, use a weapon, or force another person to engage in sexual activity
• Using alcohol or drugs
• Steal
• Have low self-esteem
• Easy to get angry
• Break the rules

This emotional and behavioral disturbance there is a relationship with low socioeconomic status, less harmonious family life, childhood violence, congenital disabilities, anxiety disorders, and disorders. mood from close family members.

Treatment for this type of developmental disorder in children can be successful if started early. Both the children and their families must be involved. This treatment usually consists of drugs and psychological therapy.

Medicines aim to treat some symptoms, as well as other mental illnesses such as ADHD.

Psychological therapy or counseling in helping to express and control emotional turmoil such as anger. Parents can also learn how to help children deal with behavioral problems.

There are various ways to calm children with growth and development disorders

Calming a child who has developmental problems requires extra effort. Mood or mood swings and is sometimes difficult to understand.

Here are some ways to calm children who have developmental problems:

1. Keep away from distractions

Little things that may be unwittingly distracting and distracting children with growth and development problems.

That's why it's important for you to set a comfortable atmosphere around him, especially when your child is doing homework or even studying for exam preparation.

Avoid forcing him to sit quietly, as this will only make him more agitated. You can reduce distraction around him which helps him focus more.

For example, placing your little one away from the door, window area, and anything that is a source of noise.

2. Set a structured lifestyle

Children with special conditions need clear commands and a structured pattern to follow.

Therefore, keep a simple and scheduled routine at home. For example, determining when to eat, brush your teeth, study, play, and even sleep.

A well-planned routine makes your little one's brain learn to accept something more structured. Hopefully this will make him calmer and more focused on doing something.

3. Make clear and consistent rules

Some parents do have their own way of educating their children. Some may set a lot of rules, some may be more relaxed. But unfortunately, children with developmental disorders cannot be educated in a relaxed manner.

They generally need clear and consistent rules. That is why it is important to adopt simple, positive discipline at home.

Don't forget to apply the punishment and reward system. Give praise when your little one understands and obeys the rules and commands that you give.

Show how his good behavior leads to positive results. However, when children break these rules, don't forget to give consequences for obvious reasons.

4. Take control of your parents' emotions

Children with developmental disorders often irritate you. He can show his feelings very clearly and clearly, whether it's excitement or sudden outbursts of anger when he is in a bad mood.

Even so, you are advised to remain calm and patient. Avoid yelling at, and giving physical punishment to children.

Remember, you want to teach them to be calmer and less aggressive, both of these things will actually make your little one's anger out of control.

You can cool his head by teaching him a simple breathing technique, which is to take a deep breath and then exhale slowly for several times until he feels calm.

5. Pay attention to the food consumed

In some cases, such as hyperactive children, consuming sugar can make the child's condition worse, even though this is not the case.

The reason is, until now there has been no scientifically proven research that sugar can cause a person to become hyperactive. Even so, consumption of sugar can indeed influence a person's behavior to a degree.

Sugar is a simple carbohydrate that is easily absorbed by the body and can cause a rapid increase and decrease in blood levels in the body.

In a child, this sudden drop in blood sugar levels can result in him becoming fussy as the body seems to lack energy and the body's cells are starving. This is what actually makes your little one's behavior and mood unstable.

That is why it is important for you to pay attention to the food your little one consumes every day. Fulfill your nutritional intake with a balanced diet of fruits and vegetables. In addition, also avoid processed foods in children.

x