Morphine: functions, dosage, side effects, how to use it

What Drug Morphine?

What is morphine for?

Morphine is a drug with a function to relieve severe pain or pain. Morphine is included in the category of narcotic analgesics (opiates). This drug works in the brain to change how the body responds to and feels pain.

Morphine dosage and side effects of morphine are described below.

How is morphine used?

Take this medication by mouth as directed by your doctor. You can take this medicine before or after meals. If you feel nauseous, take this medication with food. Ask your doctor or medic about other ways to reduce nausea (such as lying down for 1-2 hours and keeping your head as still as possible).

If you are using the liquid version of this medication, read the instructions provided by your dispensary before starting to use liquid Morphine and each time you refill.

This medication is prepared by your pharmacist. Shake the bottle for 10 seconds for each dose. Be careful in measuring the dose with the available medicinal spoon. Do not use your own spoon, because you could get the wrong dose. Ask your pharmacist or doctor if you are not sure how to measure the dosage.

The dosage is based on your medical condition and response to treatment. Do not increase your dose, use this medication regularly or use it for a long period of time. Stop treatment when it's time.

Painkillers will work best if they are used from the moment the pain first appears. If you wait until the pain gets worse, this medication may not work very well.

If you have lingering pain (for example from cancer), your doctor can direct you to take long-term narcotic medications. In such cases, this drug will only be used when needed, when severe pain suddenly strikes. Ask your doctor or pharmacist if you have any questions about using morphine safely with other medicines.

This medication can cause withdrawal reactions especially if this medicine has been used for a long time. In some cases, withdrawal symptoms such as restlessness, watery eyes, runny nose, nausea, sweating, muscle aches can appear if you suddenly stop this medication. To avoid these occurrences, your doctor can slowly reduce the dose of the drug.

Ask your doctor or medicine officer for further explanation and report it immediately if you experience any of these symptoms.

When this medication is used for a long period of time, the performance will not work any longer over time. Talk to your doctor if this medication stops working.

Along with its benefits, these drugs can also cause addictive effects. This risk can increase if you have a history of alcohol and drug abuse in the past.

Talk to your doctor if your pain does not decrease or if it gets worse.

How is morphine stored?

This medication is best stored at room temperature, away from direct light and damp places. Don't keep it in the bathroom. Don't freeze it. Other brands of this drug may have different storage rules. Observe the storage instructions on the product package or ask your pharmacist. Keep all medicines away from children and pets.

Do not flush medicines down the toilet or down the drain unless instructed to do so. Discard this product when it has expired or when it is no longer needed. Consult your pharmacist or local waste disposal company about how to safely dispose of your product.

Morphine Dosage

The information provided is not a substitute for medical advice. ALWAYS consult your doctor or pharmacist before starting treatment.

What is the dose of morphine for adults?

Naive opioids:

Initial dose: 15 to 30 mg orally every 4 hours as needed

Naive opioids:

Initial dose: 10 to 20 mg orally every 4 hours as needed subcutaneously / IM:

Initial dose: 10 mg every 4 hours as needed

Dosage range: 5 to 20 mg every 4 hours as needed

:

Initial dose, IV: 4 to 10 mg every 4 hours given slowly over 4-5 minutes

Dosage range: 5 to 15 mg

Daily dosage range: 12-120 mg

Alternative dose: 2-10 mg / 70 kg body weight

Initial dose: 4-8 mg

Follow-up dose: 2-8 mg every 4 to 15 minutes as needed

Open heart surgery: 0.5-3 mg / kg IV as sole anesthetic or with anesthetic agents

IV Follow-up infusion: Prior to initiation of the infusion (in concentrations between 0.2 to 1 mg / mL), a loading dose of 15 mg or higher of morphine sulfate may be given to reduce pain.

IV analgesia controlled patients or subcutaneous controlled analgesia patients:

1 to 2 mg injected 30 minutes after a standard IV dose of 5 to 20 mg. The lockout period is 6 to 15 minutes.

Initial dose: 5 mg in the lumbar area can provide pain relief for up to 24 hours. If the pain persists after one hour, additional doses of 1 to 2 mg at sufficient intervals can be used to assess the effectiveness of the administration.

Maximum dose: 10 mg per 24 hours

The dose is usually one-tenth of the epidural dose

Initial dose: 0.2-1 mg can provide pain relief for up to 24 hours. Additional injections are not recommended.

What is the dose of morphine for children?

Substance: 0.1-0.2 mg per kg as needed. Not more than 15 mg per dose.

-IV: 50 to 100 mcg (0.05-0.1 mg) per kg, given periodically. Do not exceed 10 mg per dose.

In what dosage is morphine available?

Epidural, Injection: 10 mg / mL, 15 mg / 1.5 mL.

Morphine side effects

What side effects can be experienced due to morphine?

Seek immediate medical help if you experience any of the following signs of an allergic reaction: hives, difficulty breathing, swelling of the face, lips, tongue, or throat.

Call your doctor if you experience serious side effects:

- difficulty breathing, slow heart rate

- muscle stiffness, spasms

- cool, moist skin

- confused, abnormal habits

- feeling weak, feeling like fainting

- it's hard to swallow

- it's hard to pee

- pale skin color, shortness of breath, fast heart rate, difficulty concentrating

- easy bruising, unusual bleeding, purple spots or reddened skin

Other side effects:

- weight loss

- diarrhea

- nausea, vomiting, stomach pain, loss of appetite

- fever, redness, tingling

- headache, dizziness, the head feels spinning

- it's hard to remember

- trouble sleeping, nightmares

Not everyone experiences this side effect. There may be some side effects not listed above. If you are concerned about the side effects please consult your doctor or pharmacist.

Morphine Drug Warnings and Cautions

What should be known before using morphine?

Before using Morphine,

• Tell your doctor and pharmacist if you are allergic to Morphine, any drug, or the inactive ingredient found in Morphine tablets, any capsule you plan to take. Ask your pharmacist for a list of the inactive ingredients in Morphine capsules
• Tell your doctor what prescription and nonprescription medications, vitamins, nutritional supplements and herbal products you are taking or will be taking. Be sure to mention antihistamines (cold and cold remedies); buprenorphine (Butrans, Suboxone); butorphanol (Stadol); diuretics (water pills'); nalbuphine (Nubain); pentazocine (Talwin, in Talacen); and quinidine (Nuedexta). Also tell me if you are also taking any of these drugs or if you have recently stopped taking them in the last 2 weeks: monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors, including isocarboxazid (Marplan), phenelzine (Nardil), selegiline (Eldepryl, Emsam, Zelapar), and tranylcypromine. (Parnate). Your doctor can change the dose of your medication or monitor you more carefully if there are side effects
• Tell your doctor if you have or have ever had any medical conditions or paralytic ileus (a condition in which food cannot be swallowed). Your doctor can order you to stop using morphine
• Tell your doctor if you have had any medical conditions such as blockage in the stomach or intestines, seizures, difficulty swallowing, prostate hypertrophy (enlarged male reproductive glands), urinary problems, low blood pressure, Addison's disease (a condition in which the adrenal glands are not produce enough natural substances) or liver, kidney, pancreas, thyroid, and gallbladder disease
• Tell your doctor if you are breastfeeding
• If you are having surgery, including dental surgery, tell your doctor or dentist that you are being treated with Morphine
• You should know that this drug may make you drowsy. Do not drive a car or operate heavy machinery until you know how this drug affects your consciousness
• You should know that morphine can cause dizziness, lightheadedness, and fainting when you get up too quickly from a lying position. To avoid this problem, get out of bed slowly, resting your feet on the floor for a few minutes before standing up
• You should know morphine can cause constipation. Talk with your doctor about changing your diet or using other medications to prevent or treat constipation while you are taking morphine

Is morphine safe for pregnant and lactating women?

There are no adequate studies regarding the risks of using this drug in pregnant or breastfeeding women. Always consult your doctor to weigh the potential benefits and risks before using this medication. This drug is included in the risk of pregnancy category C according to the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA).

The following references the pregnancy risk categories according to the FDA:

A = No risk, B = not at risk in several studies, C = May be risky, D = There is positive evidence of risk, X = Contraindicated, N = Unknown

Morphine can be excreted through breast milk so it can harm the baby. Tell your doctor if you are breastfeeding.

Morphine Drug Interactions

What drugs might interact with morphine?

Interactions with other drugs can affect how the drug works and increase the risk of dangerous side effects. This article does not list all possible drug interactions. Record all medicinal products you use (including prescription, non-prescription and herbal medicines) and share them with your doctor and pharmacist. Do not start, stop, or change the dose of any medicine without your doctor's permission.

Taking this drug with other medicines that make you drowsy or slow your breathing can cause dangerous and deadly side effects. Check with your doctor first before you take morphine along with sleeping pills, other narcotic painkillers, muscle relaxants, or medications for anxiety, depression, and seizures.

Can food or alcohol interact with morphine?

Certain drugs should not be used with meals or when eating certain foods because drug interactions can occur. Consuming alcohol or tobacco with certain drugs can also cause interactions to occur. Discuss your use of drugs with food, alcohol, or tobacco with your health care provider.

• Ethanol

What health conditions can interact with morphine?

Any other health conditions you have can affect the use of this drug. Always tell your doctor if you have other health problems, especially:

Addison's disease (adrenal gland problem)

- alcohol abuse

- brain tumor

- Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)

- cor pulmonal (serious heart condition)

Depression, or drug dependence, especially with narcotics, or an enlarged prostate (BPH, prostate hypertrophy)

- gallbladder or gallstone disease

Heart disease or hypothyroidism (underactive thyroid)

Hypovolemia (low blood volume)

- increased pressure on the head

- kyphoscoliosis (curved spine that causes difficulty breathing)

- mental illness

- problems with bowel movements

Problems with the intestines and stomach (eg blockage)

- it's hard to swallow

- physically weakened condition - Use with caution. May increase the risk of more serious side effects

Asthma, or breathing problems (for example, hypoxia)

- Paralytic ileus (bowel stops working and can become blocked)

Respiratory depression (breathing very slowly)

Hypotension (low blood pressure)

Pancreatitis (inflammation or swelling of the pancreas)

- convulsions - Use with caution. It might make things worse

- Kidney illness

- liver disease - Use with caution. Side effects can increase because the removal of the drug from the body is slower.

Morphine overdose

What should I do in an emergency or overdose?

In case of an emergency or overdose, contact the local emergency services provider (112) or immediately to the nearest hospital emergency department.

Symptoms of overdose:

- unusual breath rhythm, difficulty breathing, and difficulty swallowing

- sleepy

- lost consciousness

- limp muscles

- heat inside, skin moist and cool

- heart rate slows down

- blurred vision

- nausea

- passed out

What should I do if I miss a dose?

If you forget a dose of this medicine, take it as soon as possible. However, when it is nearing the time of the next dose, skip the missed dose and return to the usual dosing schedule. Don't double the dose.