There are more and more chronic diseases in adolescents, because of these 3 things

Chronic diseases such as heart disease, hypertension, and diabetes, which have been dubbed the “grandparents disease” are not contagious. However, from year to year, there are more and more findings of chronic disease diagnosis in adolescents. So what are the risk factors for chronic disease in adolescents? Check out the explanation here.

Chronic disease cases in adolescents in Indonesia

Disease attacks do not know age. Therefore, in the developmental stage of adolescence there is a possibility that he may experience health problems such as chronic diseases.

Quoted from the Indonesian Pediatric Association, chronic diseases can affect adolescent growth and development. Then, this can also cause a decrease in the quality of life of adolescents.

Data from the 2013 Basic Health Research shows that out of 25.8 percent of the total national hypertension cases, approximately 5.3% of them are adolescents aged 15-17 years; male 6% and female 4.7%.

Meanwhile, 5.9% of Indonesian children aged 15-24 years have asthma. Meanwhile, diabetes cases in children under 18 years of age have increased significantly in the last five years, which is up to 500% from the previous one.

Continuing the 2013 Riskesdas data, non-communicable chronic diseases caused 71 percent of the total deaths.

These included heart disease (37 percent), cancer (13 percent), chronic respiratory diseases such as asthma and COPD (5 percent), diabetes (6 percent), and other chronic diseases (10 percent).

List of diseases that are susceptible to attacking adolescents

Here are some diseases that are susceptible to adolescents, such as:

1. Bipolar disorder

Bipolar disorder is a disease that is susceptible to attacking adolescents because of it

If your child's mood is very volatile and quick to change, you should be suspicious. Extreme mood swings may indicate that your teen has bipolar disorder.

Bipolar disorder has a characteristic symptom, namely, mood swings from depression to mania that occur very quickly.

Mania is a mood disorder that makes a person feel physically and mentally excited.

2. Lupus

Lupus is an autoimmune disorder. The immune system cannot distinguish healthy body cells from infection-carrying germs.

As a result, the immune system can attack healthy cells in the body.

According to Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, about 25,000 children and adolescents are known to have lupus. This disease is most common in adolescents aged 15 years.

3. Diabetes

Diabetes has a big influence on the psychological condition of adolescents. This is because diabetes develops faster in adolescents than in adults.

Most likely this condition is caused by lifestyle and health problems.

This also applies to type 1 diabetes mellitus which continues to increase in Indonesia. Based on IDAI data, in 2018 there were 1220 children with type 1 diabetes mellitus.

4. Asthma

Asthma is an inflammation and narrowing of the respiratory tract which can also be categorized as a chronic disease in adolescents.

Although it can be controlled, but the trigger in adolescents is high enough to make the lungs more sensitive than normal conditions. Please note that asthma is a serious disease and can be deadly if not treated properly.

5. Migraine

Migraine can also be a chronic disease that can occur in adolescents. Moreover, this disease can also occur due to heredity.

These recurring headaches are caused by nerve disorders in the brain. Therefore, the pain can be moderate to severe and can occur several times a month.

Before puberty, migraines are more common in boys. However, during adolescence this condition is more experienced by women.

6. Cancer

Cancer occurs when cells in the body begin to develop and get out of control. Cancer in adolescents can be experienced at the age of 15 to 19 years. Although not a common thing, there are several types of cancer cells in adolescents that have started developing when they were just born.

Some types of chronic diseases, such as cancer in adolescents, are:

• Lymphoma
• Leukemia (blood cancer)
• Thyroid cancer
• Brain cancer
• Cervical cancer
• Melanoma (skin cancer)

The cause of the emergence of chronic diseases in adolescents

The risk of chronic disease is generally influenced by hereditary genetics in the family and the surrounding environment.

But especially for adolescents, the main cause is a bad lifestyle such as smoking, unhealthy eating habits, and lack of movement.

This was emphasized by dr. Theresia Sandra Diah Ratih, MHA, Head of Sub Directorate of Chronic Lung Disease and Immunological Disorders, Directorate General of P2PTM, Ministry of Health RI.

Based on 2013 Riskerdas data, smokers of children aged 15 years and over were 36.6 percent. In 2016, this figure increased to 54 percent of the approximately 65 million adolescents in Indonesia.

Smoking and lack of movement can increase the risk of blood clots, which can block blood flow to the heart. A bad diet (high in calories, fat, cholesterol, sugar, and salt) can trigger plaque buildup in the vessels.

All the elements of this unhealthy lifestyle together cause the blood vessels to constrict and harden.

This unhealthy lifestyle then accounts for up to 80 percent of the causes of chronic disease occurrences at a young age.

Apply CERDIK to reduce the risk of chronic disease from a young age

Starting a healthy lifestyle is not easy. However, if you are committed and sure to change your healthier lifestyle, it will feel easy.

Therefore, as parents you need to invite children together to adopt a healthy lifestyle since adolescence.

"To make it easier for people to start living a healthy lifestyle, the Ministry of Health has launched the CERDIK principle," said dr. Sandra.

The CERDIK movement itself stands for.

• Check health conditions periodically, including weight and height to blood sugar levels, cholesterol, and blood pressure. Routine health checks can be started from the age of 15 years, once a year. This is useful for early detection of disease risk in adolescents.
• Get rid of it cigarette smoke and quit smoking.
• Diligent do physical activity for at least 30 minutes a day and be done regularly.
• Diet with balanced nutrition. Eat healthy foods, eat enough fruit and vegetables, avoid excessive sugary foods and carbonated drinks.
• Breaksufficient, make sure the child gets enough sleep in a day. At least not less than seven or eight hours.
• manage stress well.

The principle of CERDIK can also minimize or even prevent the emergence of chronic diseases in adolescence.

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