Atropine (atropine): functions, dosage, side effects, how to use

Use

What is atropine (atropine) used for?

Atropine is a drug primarily used to treat muscle contractions or spasms in the stomach and intestines, bladder, and bile ducts. However, atropine also has other uses, namely:

• Control conditions such as colitis, diverticulitis, infant colic, renal and bile colic, peptic ulcer, and irritable bowel syndrome.
• Reducing the production of fluids in the body, for example stomach acid, mucus in the respiratory tract.
• Treating stiffness, shaking, saliva production and excessive sweating due to Parkinson's disease.
• Maintain proper heart function during emergency surgical procedures involving the heart, as well as treating certain heart defects.
• as an antidote to treat certain types of drug poisoning

Atropine is also available in the form of eye drops to dilate the pupil before the test. This medication may also be used for purposes other than those listed in the treatment guidelines. To be sure, consult your doctor or pharmacist for other Atropine uses.

Atropine is included in prescription drugs, so you should not buy this drug at a pharmacy without your doctor's advice and knowledge. This is because you may not necessarily know the correct dose of this drug to treat your condition.

How is atropine used (atropine)?

Use atropine as directed by your doctor. If you have any doubts about how to use this medication, ask your pharmacist, nurse, or doctor for a better explanation.

How to use atropine injection is in the following ways:

• Atropine will be injected by a doctor or nurse into your body through a muscle or vein.
• Your doctor will determine a dose appropriate for your condition, and how often you will get atropine injections.
• The dosage will be determined by the doctor based on the medical condition, the intended use of the drug, and the patient's age, and the timing of using other medicines.

Meanwhile, how to use atropine ophthalmic (eye drops):

• Wash your hands first. Tilt your head back and pull the bottom of your eye down so there is room for you to drip in the medicine.
• When the drug has been put in the drop, remove the bottom of the eye and close your eye slowly. Try not to blink so that the drops do not fall or come out of the eye area. Close your eyes for 1-2 minutes.
• When finished, wash your hands immediately to clean the eyes of the medicinal liquid that may stick to both hands.
• If you feel that the first attempt failed or the medication did not get into the eye area, put the drops in the eye area one more time.
• Never touch the tip of the drug applicator at all if you want to keep medication clean. Also make sure the medicine bottle is always tightly closed when the medicine is not being used.

How to store Atropine (Atropine)?

Store the drug at room temperature away from exposure to light and moisture. Do not store atropine in the bathroom and do not freeze it.

Medicines under different brands may have different storage methods. Check the product box for instructions on how to store it, or ask the pharmacist for a more clear answer. Stay away from children and pets.

It is forbidden to flush the medicine in the toilet or throw it into the drain if not told to. Properly discard this product if it is past the deadline or is no longer needed. Consult a pharmacist for more in-depth details on how to safely dispose of the product.

Dose

The information provided is not a substitute for medical advice. ALWAYS consult your doctor or pharmacist before starting treatment.

What is the dosage of Atropine (Atropine) for adults?

Adult dose for slow heart rate (bradyarrythmia)

0.4-1 milligram (mg), injected intravenously every one to two hours as needed. Larger doses may be needed under certain conditions. However, the maximum dose is 2 mg.

Adult dosage for antrionventicular blockage

0.4 mg to 0.6 mg, injected through a muscle or skin.

Adult dosage for anesthesia

0.4 mg to 0.6 mg, IV, can be administered through the muscle or skin.

Adult dosage for nasal discharge (rhinorrhea)

0.4 mg to 0.6 mg, IV, can be administered through the muscle or skin.

Adult dosage for head injuries

0.4 mg to 0.6 mg, IV, can be administered through the muscle or skin.

Adult dosage for organophosphate poisoning

0.8 mg, IM. If there is no effect after 30 minutes of use or symptoms of poisoning appear, give 2 mg, IM, every hour until symptoms subside or disappear completely.

Adult dosage for pupil dilation (mydriasis), cycloplegia, and lazy eye (amblyopia)

Take one drop of ophthalmic atropine 40 minutes before the maximum desired time of dilation.

What is the dosage of Atropine (Atropine) for children?

Children's dosage for slow heartbeat (bradyarhythmia)

For children weighing 3-7 kg: 0.1 mg, IV, IM, or through the skin
For children weighing 8-11 kg: 0.15 mg, IV, IM, or through the skin
For children 11-18 kg: 0.2 mg, IV, IM, or through the skin
For children weighing 18-29 kg: 0.3 mg, IV, IM, or through the skin
For children weighing 29-41 kg: 0.4 mg, IV, IM, or through the skin
For children weighing more than 41 kg: 0.4 to 0.6 mg, IV, IM, or through the skin

Children's dosage for anesthesia

For children weighing 3-7 kg: 0.1 mg, IV, IM, or through the skin
For children weighing 8-11 kg: 0.15 mg, IV, IM, or through the skin
For children 11-18 kg: 0.2 mg, IV, IM, or through the skin
For children weighing 18-29 kg: 0.3 mg, IV, IM, or through the skin
For children weighing 29-41 kg: 0.4 mg, IV, IM, or through the skin
For children weighing more than 41 kg: 0.4 to 0.6 mg, IV, IM, or through the skin

Children's dosage for nasal discharge (rhinorrhea)

For children weighing 3-7 kg: 0.1 mg, IV, IM, or through the skin
For children 8-11 kg: 0.15 mg, IV, IM, or through the skin
For children 11-18 kg: 0.2 mg, IV, IM, or through the skin
For children weighing 18-29 kg: 0.3 mg, IV, IM, or through the skin
For children weighing 29-41 kg: 0.4 mg, IV, IM, or through the skin
For children weighing more than 41 kg: 0.4 to 0.6 mg, IV, IM, or through the skin

Children's dosage for antrionventicular obstruction

For children weighing 3-7 kg: 0.1 mg, IV, IM, or through the skin
For children weighing 8-11 kg: 0.15 mg, IV, IM, or through the skin
For children 11-18 kg: 0.2 mg, IV, IM, or through the skin
For children weighing 18-29 kg: 0.3 mg, IV, IM, or through the skin
For children weighing 29-41 kg: 0.4 mg, IV, IM, or through the skin
For children weighing more than 41 kg: 0.4 to 0.6 mg, IV, IM, or through the skin

Children's dosage for head injuries

For children weighing 3-7 kg: 0.1 mg, IV, IM, or through the skin
For children weighing 8-11 kg: 0.15 mg, IV, IM, or through the skin
For children 11-18 kg: 0.2 mg, IV, IM, or through the skin
For children weighing 18-29 kg: 0.3 mg, IV, IM, or through the skin
For children weighing 29-41 kg: 0.4 mg, IV, IM, or through the skin
For children weighing more than 41 kg: 0.4 to 0.6 mg, IV, IM, or through the skin

Child dosage for organosphate poisoning

Children weighing more than 41 kg: 2 mg

Children weighing 18-41 kg: 1mg

Children weighing 7-18 kg: 0.5 mg

Children weighing less than 7 kg: 0.25 mg

Children's dosage for pupil dilation (mydriasis), cycloplegia, and lazy eye (amblyopia)

For children over three months of age: Take one drop of ophthalmic atropine 40 minutes before the maximum desired time of dilation.

For children less than three months of age: The dose must be determined by the doctor according to the patient's condition.

In what dosage is Atropine (Atropine) available?

Injection: 0.1 mg / mL, 0.05 mg / mL.

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Side effects

What side effects can be experienced due to Atropine (Atropine)?

If you experience these serious side effects, stop using atropine and seek emergency medical help:

• Allergic reaction (swelling of the lips, tongue, or face, difficulty breathing, narrowed throat, or hives)
• Irregular or fast heartbeat
• Skin rash
• Sore eyes, eyes become blurry
• Difficulty speaking and swallowing
• Hallucinating

Continue to use atropine if you are experiencing only minor side effects such as:

• Headache or dizziness that makes you feel like fainting
• Limp and lose balance
• Blurred vision, dilated pupils, or sensitive eyes to bright light
• Nausea, bloating, heartburn, or constipation
• The skin feels dry and hot
• Changes in the sense of taste
• Difficulty urinating
• Less sweating
• Sneezing, stuffy nose, or dry mouth

Not everyone experiences the following side effects. There may be some side effects not listed above. If you have concerns about certain side effects, consult your doctor or pharmacist.

Precautions & Warnings

What should be known before using atropine?

Before using atropine, there are a number of things you should know and do first, including:

Consult your medical history and condition to the doctor

Make sure your doctor knows if you have a medical condition such as: asthma or other respiratory problems, galucoma, enlarged prostate, urine problems, heart rate problems, myasthenia gravis, or blockage of the digestive system.

Also tell your doctor if you have an allergy to atropine, belladonna, or any other type of medication.

Tell the doctor what medication is being taken

Tell them all the types of drugs, both prescription and nonprescription, that you are currently using, especially antihistamines, cough and cold medicines, and various types of vitamins.

Tell your doctor if you are pregnant, plan to become pregnant, or are breastfeeding.

Do not drive a vehicle first while using this drug

Use of this medication can cause blurred vision and disturbed thoughts. Therefore, avoid activities that require high concentration and require you to be able to see clearly such as driving a vehicle.

Limit sun exposure

Avoid exposure to sunlight or activities that can make you dehydrated and your body hot, such as exercising because using this medication alone can reduce the amount of sweat that is released from your body.

Is Atropine safe for pregnant and lactating women?

There are no adequate studies regarding the risks of using this drug in pregnant or breastfeeding women. Always consult your doctor to weigh the potential benefits and risks before using this medication.

These drugs are included in pregnancy risk category C according to the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The following references the pregnancy risk categories according to the FDA:

• A = Not at risk
• B = No risk in several studies
• C = May be risky
• D = There is positive evidence of risk
• X = Contraindicated
• N = Unknown

Meanwhile, atropine can be released through breast milk (ASI), so if you are breastfeeding and must use this drug.

We recommend that you consult your doctor or pharmacist first, whether this drug is good for consumption for breastfeeding mothers and what effects might occur if your child accidentally takes the drug that enters his body through breast milk.

Interaction

What other medicines may interact with atropine?

Drug interactions may change how medications work or increase the risk of serious side effects. This article does not cover all possible drug interactions. Keep a list of all the products you use (including prescription / nonprescription drugs and herbal products) and tell your doctor and pharmacist. Do not start, stop, or change your dose without your doctor's approval.

• Acetylsalicylic Acid (aspirin)
• Adrenaline (epinephrine)
• Ativan (lorazepam)
• Atrovent (ipratropium)
• Benadryl (diphenhydramine)
• Cardizem (diltiazem)
• Dextrose (glucose)
• Dilaudid (hydromorphone)
• Haldol (haloperidol)
• hyoscyamine (Levsin, Hyosyne, Anaspaz, Levsin SL, Levbid, Levsinex, Levsinex SR, Oscimin, HyoMax)
• irinotecan (Camptosar)
• Lasix (furosemide)
• MiraLax (polyethylene glycol 3350)
• morphine (MS Contin, Morphine Sulfate ER, Roxanol, Kadian, Morphine Sulfate IR, MorphaBond ER, MSIR, Duramorph)
• Morphine Sulfate ER (morphine)
• Narcan Injection (naloxone)
• neostigmine (Prostigmine, Bloxiverz, Prostigmine Bromide)
• Paracetamol (acetaminophen)
• Phenergan (promethazine)
• Plavix (clopidogrel)
• pralidoxime (Protopam Chloride)
• scopolamine (Transderm-Scop, Scopace, Maldemar)
• Solu-Medrol (methylprednisolone)
• Tylenol (acetaminophen)
• Versed (midazolam)
• Zofran (ondansetron)

Can food or alcohol interact with atropine?

Certain drugs cannot be used with meals or when eating certain foods because drug interactions can occur. Consuming alcohol or tobacco with certain drugs can also cause interactions to occur. Discuss with a healthcare professional about using drugs with food, alcohol, or tobacco.

What health conditions can interact with Atropine?

The presence of other medical disorders may affect the use of this drug. Make sure you tell your doctor if you have any other medical problems, especially:

• numbness or tingling in the hands or feet
• liver disease
• ulcerative colitis
• thyroid disorders
• high blood pressure, irregular heartbeat, or any type of heart disease
• hiatal hernia or reflux disease
• enlarged prostate
• asthma, chronic lung disease, or allergies

Overdose

What should I do in an emergency or overdose?

In case of an emergency or overdose, contact the local emergency services provider (119) or immediately to the nearest hospital emergency department. Symptoms of an atropine overdose may include:

• headache
• nausea
• gag
• dry mouth
• difficulty swallowing
• blurry vision
• dilated pupils
• hot and dry skin
• dizzy
• sleepy
• confusion
• anxious
• convulsions
• pulse weakened
• irregular heartbeat

What should I do if I miss a dose?

Atropine is a drug that is injected by health workers. Therefore, the possibility of missing a dose is very small.

Hello Health Group does not provide medical advice, diagnosis or treatment.