Wernicke's Syndrome

Definition

What is Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome?

Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome is a neurological disorder caused by a deficiency in vitamin B1 (also called thiamine or thiamine). This disorder appears slowly, not all at once. Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome is thought to be closely related to high alcohol consumption in the long term. However, digestive problems, cancer, and malnutrition can also be a cause.

Experts debate whether Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome is two different but related conditions or whether the syndrome is a spectrum of the same disease.

Some experts believe that Wernicke's encephalopathy is the beginning of the condition, whereas Korsakoff's syndrome is a chronic and long-term form of the disorder. However, even when treated, Wernicke's encephalopathy often leads to Korsakoff's syndrome eventually. Wernicke's encephalopathy is a series of changes to the nervous system and cognitive (thinking) function of humans. If not treated immediately, the consequences can be fatal (deadly).

How common is Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome?

This disorder affects men less often than women. However, those of you who are between the ages of 30 and 70 have a similar risk of developing Wernicke-Korsakoff's disorder.

Signs & symptoms

What are the signs and symptoms of Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome?

Some of the symptoms of Wernicke's encephalopathy include:

• Dazed
• Loss of consciousness
• Unnatural eye movement
• Double view
• Fallen upper eyelid
• Balance problems and difficulty walking

Meanwhile, the symptoms of Korsakoff's syndrome include:

• Cannot store new information in memory
• Memory loss
• False memories, due to memories that cannot be remembered completely so that the subconscious mind creates false memories to fill in the pieces of lost memory
• Apathetic
• Personality changes
• Talk a lot or do something on a repetitive basis

Some of the signs or symptoms may not be listed above. If you are worried about the symptoms, consult a doctor.

When should I see a doctor?

Contact your doctor if you or your family members and relatives have the symptoms above, especially for those who have previously had liver disease. This disease may develop rapidly and be very dangerous. Every body acts differently from one another. Discuss with your doctor to find the best solution for your condition.

Cause

What causes Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome?

The main cause of Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome is alcohol addiction, aka alcoholism. Meanwhile, less common causes include malnutrition or nutrient absorption problems which can be caused by:

• Gastric bypass surgery that makes it difficult for you to meet your nutritional needs due to portion restrictions
• Colon cancer which can cause pain so you don't want to eat
• Certain eating disorders

Alcohol addiction is the main cause because people who are addicted to alcohol usually have an unhealthy and chaotic diet. Alcohol also inhibits the absorption and storage of vitamin B1 in the body.

Diagnosis & treatment

The information provided is not a substitute for medical advice. ALWAYS consult your doctor.

How do doctors diagnose Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome?

The doctor will ask about the symptoms and the course of the disease being experienced. The doctor will also perform a physical examination to determine the function of the nerves and muscles that are affected.

The patient may also appear to be malnourished. The following tests are performed to check your nutritional levels:

• Albumin serum
• Serum vitamin B1 levels
• Transketolase activity in red blood cells (which is usually reduced in people who are thiamine deficient
• Liver enzymes may be quite high in people who have a history of alcoholism

Other conditions that may cause vitamin B1 deficiency include:

• HIV / AIDS
• Cancer that has spread throughout the body
• Severe nausea and vomiting during pregnancy (hyperemesis gravidarum)
• Heart failure
• Long-term infusion without thiamine supplements
• Long-term dialysis (dialysis)
• Extremely high thyroid hormone levels

MRI of the brain can show changes in brain tissue. However, if Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome is suspected by a doctor, treatment should be started immediately.

How do doctors treat Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome?

The goal of this treatment is to control the symptoms and prevent the disorder from getting worse. Some people have to be hospitalized for symptom control. Especially if the patient is in a coma, limp or unconscious.

Vitamin B1 may be given intravenously into a vein or muscle, or orally. This can help relieve symptoms such as:

• Dazed or delirium
• Visual disturbances or abnormal eye movements
• Muscle coordination problems

Most importantly, stop drinking or abusing alcohol to prevent muscle and nerve damage. A balanced, nutritious diet can help, but it doesn't replace overuse of alcohol.

Home remedies

What are some lifestyle changes or home remedies that can be used to treat Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome?

The following changes can help control the symptoms of Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome.

• Stop drinking alcohol and eat nutritious foods.
• If a heavy drinker is still unable to quit, thiamine supplements and a balanced diet can help prevent the condition from worsening.

If you have any questions, consult your doctor for the best solution to your problem.

Hello Health Group does not provide medical advice, diagnosis or treatment.